Research strategic plan for college students pdf downloadable

As the text is fairly USA-centric, Canadian students may feel that Canadian and possibly Asian business strategies should receive greater emphasis. As noted above, the textbook content is somewhat USA-centric. However, given the highly integrated nature of Canadian and USA business environments, there is some value in this. And, it was certainly not difficult to incorporate Canadian examples into the Lectures.

Students will learn how to conduct a case analysis, measure organizational performance, and conduct external and internal analyses. In short, they will understand how organizations operate at the strategic level to be successful. Reed B. Kennedy is an Associate Professor of Management Practice in the Management Department, where he teaches management courses. He began his career as a naval officer before entering his primary career in healthcare administration, where he served in senior executive roles in various hospitals for over 20 years.

Reed served as the chief textbook reviser on this project. He worked with the contributor and editorial teams from project start to completion. Strategic Management 12 reviews Kennedy B.

Content Accuracy rating: 5 I find no glaring inaccuracies. Clarity rating: 5 This text is written at a basic level easily accessible to the common reader and especially suited to today's college senior.

Consistency rating: 5 The text uses the A-F-I framework consistently throughout. Modularity rating: 5 The chapter topics are organized following the traditional analysis-formulation-implementation A-F-I framework allowing the course to be easily divided into modules. Interface rating: 5 The layout and flow of the text are satisfactory. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 The writing demonstrates no systematic grammatical difficulties. Cultural Relevance rating: 5 The authors recognize changing sociocultural values and demonstrate sensitivity of the theory and practice of strategic management to such changes.

Comments I found the text to be quite readable. Content Accuracy rating: 5 The content is accurate, error-free, and unbiased. Clarity rating: 5 One of my favorite things about this text is its clarity. Consistency rating: 5 The text is internally consistent in terms of terminology and framework.

Modularity rating: 5 The chapters of the text are self-contained and can be individually assigned to students or used as additional readings to supplement a different text. Interface rating: 5 There are no significant interface issues in the text. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 The text contains no grammatical errors. Cultural Relevance rating: 5 The text is not culturally offensive in any way.

Comments This is a great book for an introductory level strategic management class. Content Accuracy rating: 5 First rate book. Easy to read with no errors conceptually or grammatically. Clarity rating: 5 Students comment that it is straight forward and easy to read. Key concepts are defined. Consistency rating: 5 The text flows well from start to finish. Modularity rating: 5 The chapters break up the material well as do sections within chapters. Can't find more credible sources.

Content Accuracy rating: 5 Across a number of topics, the exposition that fit my expectations about the material covered, explanations of the material, and examples that fit the material. Clarity rating: 5 The book is written directly and clearly. Consistency rating: 5 Terminology and approach are generally consistent.

Modularity rating: 5 For the most part, this book would be easy to use out of order or as selections. Interface rating: 5 I used the epub 3 version of the book. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 The writing is clear, error-free, and straightforward, including the consistent use of active voice. Cultural Relevance rating: 5 Though the book like many strategy and business textbooks has a somewhat US-centric presentation, there are plenty of examples that include diversity along a number of dimensions where that kind of diversity is not the topic of the example.

Comments Overall, I found the book to be consistently high in quality, coverage, and consistency with other books in this area. Content Accuracy rating: 5 The content is accurate, though there are a few typos.

Clarity rating: 5 The book is very lucidly written. I think it is one of the best written textbooks. Consistency rating: 5 The book is internally consistent in terms of terminology and framework.

Modularity rating: 5 The text is easy to follow. Interface rating: 5 I didn't encounter any problem with navigation. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 I did not detect any grammar errors, although I did find a few typos. Cultural Relevance rating: 4 The book is culturally relevant.

Comments Please update the examples and correct the few typos in the text. Content Accuracy rating: 5 This book is accurate as evidenced by the frequent references from both research journals and practitioners' publications. Clarity rating: 5 This is the paramount strength of the book.

Consistency rating: 5 What is admirable as to the book's consistency is it's sequence of chapters, such as starting with "Mastering Strategy" as chapter one, through "Selecting Business Level Strategies" in the middle of the text, and concluding with corporate governance and ethics. Modularity rating: 5 This is another strength of the book. Interface rating: 5 I don't think there are any such problems. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 There are not any grammatical errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5 The photographs and examples are varied in terms of surface characteristics. Comments It is superior to my present textbook in terms of being written in a conversational style, which is complemented by useful tables such as 8. Content Accuracy rating: 5 I didn't find any inaccuracies or biases in the text although I ran into a few minor typos. Clarity rating: 4 The book is clearly written and enjoyable. Consistency rating: 5 The narrative is consistent throughout both in depth and style.

Modularity rating: 5 While the content follows a logical path, chapters are concise and mostly stand-alone, making it easy to use individual chapters or to tailor content for a class. Interface rating: 4 The interactive PDF version is clean and easy to use. Grammatical Errors rating: 4 Other than a few minor spelling typos. I found no errors. Cultural Relevance rating: 4 The nature of the book is mostly transparent to cultural issues. Comments It is a great introductory text to Strategic Management.

Content Accuracy rating: 5 The material covered in the textbook is accurate and error-free. Clarity rating: 5 The book is clearly written without unnecessary jargon. Consistency rating: 5 The book is consistent with other texts on the topic of strategic management. Modularity rating: 5 The book is modular and chapters could be reorganized without issue. Interface rating: 5 I did not encounter any issues with the interface of the textbook. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 The book was free of grammatical errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5 The text was not insensitive or offensive. Comments Supporting material such as glossary, online assignments or self check exercises could be included. Content Accuracy rating: 5 I found the book to be accurate and well referenced.

Clarity rating: 5 The book is written without unnecessary jargon. Consistency rating: 5 The framework of the book allows for easy transitions from one topic to another. Modularity rating: 4 The text is well divided into a logical sequence of intuitively developed reading sections. Interface rating: 5 I had no issues with the interface of the textbook. Grammatical Errors rating: 5 I found no grammatical errors i the text. Cultural Relevance rating: 4 Culturally the book was sensitive in dealing with issues such as ethics and the role of diversity in the workplace.

Comments With the current push for on-line offerings I feel that it is now imperative that offerings include test banks, power-points, on-line readings, films and perhaps simulation tools that can be used on-line. Content Accuracy rating: 4 The book's accuracy is adequate, although there are many areas of strategic analysis which I would consider to be missing in this textbook.

Clarity rating: 4 The book is written clearly, although not at the college reading level I would expect it to be written at.

We have dedicated professional project writers with years of experience in research writing, ready to help and walk you through on how to go about your research project works and guides, seminar papers, journals, Essays, articles, conference papers, books, research papers, proposals and assignments on any level of degree in the university, polytechnic and college of education.

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Are you interested in getting any topic listed above? They are called the characteristics of research. Reliability: Reliability is a subjective term which cannot be measured precisely, but today there are instruments which can estimate the reliability of any research. Reliability is the repeatability of any research, research instrument, tool or procedure.

If any research yields similar results each time it is undertaken with similar population and with similar procedures, it is called to be a reliable research. More the results are similar; more reliability is present in the research. Validity: Validity is the strength with which we can make research conclusions, assumptions or propositions true or false.

Validity determines the applicability of the research. Validity of the research instrument can be defined as the suitability of the research instrument to the research problem or how accurately the instrument measures the problem. Some researchers say that validity and reliability are co-related, but the validity is much more important than reliability.

Without validity, research goes in the wrong direction. To keep the research on-track define your concepts in the best possible manner so that no error occurs during the measurement. Accuracy: Accuracy is also the degree to which each research process, instrument, and tool is related to each other. Accuracy also measures whether research tools have been selected in best possible manner and research procedures suits the research problem or not.

For example if a research has to be conducted on the trans-gender people, several data collection tools can be used depending on the research problems but if you find that population less cooperative the best way is to observe them rather than submitting questionnaire because in questionnaire either they will give biased responses or they will not return the questionnaires at all.

So choosing the best data collection tool improves the accuracy of research. Credibility: Credibility comes with the use of the best source of information and best procedures in research. If you are using second-hand information in your research due to any reason your research might complete in less time but its credibility will be at stake because secondary data has been manipulated by human beings and is therefore not very valid to use in research.

A certain percentage of secondary data can be used if the primary source is not available but basing a research completely on secondary data when primary data can be gathered is least credible. When researcher gives accurate references in the research the credibility of the research increases but fake references also decrease the credibility of the research. Generalization: Generalization is the extent to which a research findings can be applied to larger population. This sample is representative of the whole population so the findings should also be.

If research findings can be applied to any sample from the population, the results of the research are said to be generalizable. Empirical: Empirical nature of research means that the research has been conducted following rigorous scientific methods and procedures.

Each step in the research has been tested for accuracy and is based on real life experiences. Quantitative research is easier to prove scientifically than qualitative research. In qualitative research biases and prejudice are easy to occur. Systematic: Systematic approach is the only approach to carry on a research.

No research can be conducted haphazardly. Each step must follow other. There are set of procedures that have been tested over a period of time and are thus suitable to use in research. Each research, therefore, should follow a procedure. Controlled: Controlled in real life experience there are many factors that affect an outcome. A single event is often a result of several factors. When similar event is tested in research, due to the broader nature of factors that effect that event, some factors are taken as controlled factors while others are tested for a possible effect.

The controlled factors or variables should have to be controlled rigorously. In pure sciences, it is very easy to control such elements because experiments are conducted in the laboratory but in social sciences it becomes difficult to control these factors because of the nature of research. Question: Write the criteria of a good research Whatever may be the types of research works and studies, one thing that is important is that they all meet on the common ground of scientific method employed by them.

One expects scientific research to satisfy the following criteria1: 1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used.

The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement, keeping the continuity of what has already been attained. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that are as objective as possible. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design and estimate their effects upon the findings.

The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate. The validity and reliability of the data should be checked carefully. Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good reputation in research and is a person of integrity.

In other words, we can state the qualities of a good research as under: 1. Good research is systematic: It means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well-defined set of rules. Systematic characteristic of the research does not rule out creative thinking but it certainly does reject the use of guessing and intuition in arriving at conclusions.

Good research is logical: This implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and the logical process of induction and deduction are of great value in carrying out research.

Induction is the process of reasoning from a part to the whole whereas deduction is the process of reasoning from some premise to a conclusion which follows from that very premise. In fact, logical reasoning makes research more meaningful in the context of decision making.

Good research is empirical: It implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity to research results.

To explore a phenomena. To produce some new knowledge. To discover some solutions to solve a particular problem. To produce some knew policies. To test certain hypothesis. The principle goals of research are - Question: What is research process? Diagrammatically show the different stages of a research process. Research process: All research endeavors share a common goal of furthering understanding of the problem and thus all share certain basic stages forming a process called research process.

Or, It is the systemic manner in which a researcher approaches their area of study to produce knowledge which the community will consider to be worthwhile within the field.

Different stages of a research process: An understanding of the research process is necessary to effectively carry out research and sequencing of the stages inherent in the process. These stages involved in the research process are as follow: 1. Writting the report 9. Disseminating the findings Schematic diagram of stages of research proces Figure: Schematic diagram displaying stages of research process Question: Describe the criteria for justifying the merit of proposed research topic.

Each problem that is proposed for research has to be judged for its merit in terms of a few guidelines or criteria. These are: 1. Avoidance of duplication. Political acceptability. Urgency of data needed. Ethical consideration. Relevance: before one decides on a topic, each proposed topic should be compared with all other options.

This enables the researcher to decide whether the topic so chosen is a priority problem or not. The key questions that will help are a how large or widespread is the problem. Avoidance of duplication: before it is decided to carry out the study, it is important to see whether the suggested topic has been investigated earlier in the proposed study area or in an area with the similar environment or setting.

If the topic has been studied earlier, the results should be reviewed to explore whether major questions remained unanswered. Feasibility: every proposed study must be considered for its execution in terms of its complexity of the problems and resources that will be required to carry out the study.

Local environment in which the study is to be conducted must also be taken in to consideration. Political acceptability: in general, it is desirable and at the same time advisable to choose a research topic that has the interest and support of the relevant authorities including major political opinions. This will increase the chance that the recommendations of the study will be implemented.

Applicability: it is the ultimate goal of any study that the study results will lead to some policy recommendation. This will depend not only on the blessings of the authorities but also on the availability of resources for implementing the recommendations. The opinion of political clients, fund providing agencies and the responsible staff will influence the implementations of the recommendations as well.

Urgency of data needed: in implementation of the study results, the authorities give top priority for those studies, which are urgently needed for decision making. This is an important criterion for a research problem. Careful considerations must be given to research situations when there is a possibility of such harms, explosion, invasion of privacy and loss of integrity.

Ethical issues in research reflect important moral concerns about the practice of responsible behavior in society. In general, a research problem should be understood as some difficulty, unclear situation which a researcher experiences in practical or theoretical context and wants to obtain a tangible explanation, clarification or offer solution to it.

Once you have the broad area, you narrow down the area by selecting a particular topic. This should be done after going through most of the literature related to the area. The topic should further be narrowed down to a specific researchable problem.

Components of a Research Problem For a research problem to exist, there are a number of core elements. There must be: 1. In this study, there are individuals parents, teachers, students , there are institutions private secondary schools , and there is the area of study Embu Municipality.

Some Objectives for pursuing the problem: There must be some objectives pursuing the problem, otherwise it would be repugnant to reason and common understanding to undertake the research. Some lines of action to be taken: There must be at least two lines of action to be taken to attain the objective. For example, poor academic performance may be attributed to negative teacher and parental factors.

Thus altering negative teacher factors and parental factors become the lines of action to be pursued. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information in a way that informs how you are planning to investigate a research problem. Narrative review also draws conclusions about the topic and identifies gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge.

Systematic literature review requires more rigorous and well-defined approach compared to most other types of literature review. Systematic literature review is comprehensive and details the timeframe within which the literature was selected.

Systematic literature review can be divided into two categories: meta-analysis and meta-synthesis. In meta-analysis patterns and relationships are detected and conclusions are drawn. Meta-analysis is associated with deductive research approach. This technique integrates, evaluates and interprets findings of multiple qualitative research studies.

Meta-synthesis literature review is conducted usually when following inductive research approach. Argumentative literature review, as the name implies, examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature.

It should be noted that a potential for bias is a major shortcoming associated with argumentative literature review. Integrative literature review reviews, critiques, and synthesizes secondary data about research topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated.

If your research does not involve primary data collection and data analysis, then using integrative literature review will be your only option. Theoretical literature review focuses on a pool of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena. Theoretical literature reviews play an instrumental role in establishing what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.

Data collection methods can be divided into two categories: secondary methods of data collection and primary methods of data collection.

Secondary Data Collection Methods Secondary data is a type of data that has already been published in books, newspapers, magazines, journals, online portals etc. There is an abundance of data available in these sources about your research area in business studies, almost regardless of the nature of the research area.

Therefore, application of appropriate set of criteria to select secondary data to be used in the study plays an important role in terms of increasing the levels of research validity and reliability.

These criteria include, but not limited to date of publication, credential of the author, reliability of the source, quality of discussions, depth of analyses, the extent of contribution of the text to the development of the research area etc. Primary Data Collection Methods Primary data collection methods can be divided into two groups: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data collection methods are based in mathematical calculations in various formats.

Methods of quantitative data collection and analysis include questionnaires with closed-ended questions, methods of correlation and regression, mean, mode and median and others. Quantitative methods are cheaper to apply and they can be applied within shorter duration of time compared to qualitative methods. Moreover, due to a high level of standardisation of quantitative methods, it is easy to make comparisons of findings.

Qualitative research methods, on the contrary, do not involve numbers or mathematical calculations. Qualitative research is closely associated with words, sounds, feeling, emotions, colours and other elements that are non-quantifiable. Qualitative studies aim to ensure greater level of depth of understanding and qualitative data collection methods include interviews, questionnaires with open-ended questions, focus groups, observation, game or role-playing, case studies etc.

Your choice between quantitative or qualitative methods of data collection depends on the area of your research and the nature of research aims and objectives. Report Format: There is no one best format for all reports. Format depends on several relevant variables. One must employ a suitable format to create desirable impression with clarity.

Report must be attractive. It should be written systematically and bound carefully. A report must use the format often called structure that best fit the needs and wants of its readers. Normally, following format is suggested as a basic outline, which has sufficient flexibly to meet the most situations. Main Report Central Part of Report : i Statement of objectives ii Methodology and research design iii Types of data and its sources iv Sampling decisions v Data collection methods vi Data collection tools vii Fieldwork viii Analysis and interpretation including tables, charts, figures, etc.

Question: How do you ethically acceptable your research? This is the most common way of defining " ethics in research: norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Ethics norms also serve the aims or goals of research and apply to people who conduct scientific research or other scholarly or creative activities. There is even a specialized discipline, research ethics, which studies these norms.

There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.

Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect intellectual property interests while encouraging collaboration.

Most researchers want to receive credit for their contributions and do not want to have their ideas stolen or disclosed prematurely. Third, many of the ethical norms help to ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public. For instance, federal policies on research misconduct, conflicts of interest, the human subjects protections, and animal care and use are necessary in order to make sure that no harm to human and animal.

Fourth, ethical norms in research also help to build public support for research. People are more likely to fund a research project if they can trust the quality and integrity of research. Finally, many of the norms of research promote a variety of other important moral and social values, such as social responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, compliance with the law, and public health and safety.

Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects, students, and the public. For example, a researcher who fabricates data in a clinical trial may harm or even kill patients, and a researcher who fails to abide by regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biological safety may jeopardize his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students.

Honesty 2. Objectivity 3. Integrity 4. Carefulness 5. Openness 6. Respect for intellectual property 7. Confidentiality 8. Responsible publication 9. Responsible monitoring Respect for colleagues Social responsibility Non discrimination Competence Legality Animal care Human subject protection Question: What is the concepts of research methodology?

Why do we study research methodology in the field of bioscience? All research begins with a question. Intellectual curiosity is often the foundation for scholarly inquiry.

Some questions are not testable. While the question might elicit profound and thoughtful revelations, it clearly cannot be tested with an empirical experiment. Prior to Descartes, this is precisely the kind of question that would engage the minds of learned men. Their answers came from within the scientific method precludes asking questions that cannot be empirically tested.

If the angels cannot be observed or detected, the question is considered inappropriate for scholarly research. Exploratory research e. The literature review is especially important because it obviates the need to reinvent the wheel for every new research question. The research question itself can be stated as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is simply the investigator's belief about a problem. Typically, a researcher formulates an opinion during the literature review process.

The process of reviewing other scholar's work often clarifies the theoretical issues associated with the research question.

It also can help to elucidate the significance of the issues to the research community. The hypothesis is converted into a null hypothesis in order to make it testable because the only way to test a hypothesis is to eliminate alternatives of the hypothesis.

Statistical techniques will enable us to reject or fail to reject a null hypothesis, but they do not provide us with a way to accept a hypothesis. Therefore, all hypothesis testing is indirect. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Construct, test, and evaluate scientific hypotheses in bioscience 2.

Design and optimize experiments for answering bioscience questions; 3. Choose and justify an appropriate analysis for a biological dataset and research question; 4. Critically evaluate bioscience findings and make inferences from analyses presented in the literature; 5. Effectively communicate the outcomes of biological programs and experiments to a range of audiences. Question: What is outcome of a research? Why outcome of a research is important — explain.

Outcome of research is the end result of conducting research on a particular topic. It may be a list of statistics as one ends up with after conducting a survey or it could be a conclusion.

An explanation of how the proposal will address the needs shown in the Statement of the Problem; 2. An explanation of the benefits that will be realized if the proposal is accepted; 3. Most Expected Outcomes Sections are written in either the future tense will or with the conditional would. Importance of research outcomes: Study Implications The purpose of research is to inform action. Thus, your study should seek to contextualize its findings within the larger body of research.

Research must always be of high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable outside of the research setting. Furthermore, the results of your study may have implications for policy and future project implementation. Goals of Research Goals of research can be easily known by outcome of research. Good research utilizes methodologies that can be replicated, produces results that are examinable by peers, and creates knowledge that can be applied to real-world situations.

Question: Define data collection. With example describe the data collection system and ways of presentation Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.

Data collection techniques enable us to systematically collect informat: about our objects of study people, objects, phenomena and about the setting in which they occur. In the collection of data we have to be systematic.

If data are collected haphazardly, it will be difficult to answer our research questions in conclusive way. The same measuring instrument, the same operational definition of variables, the same unit of measurement etc.

A data collection system DCS is a computer application that facilitates the process of data collection, allowing specific, structured information to be gathered in a systematic fashion, subsequently enabling data analysis to be performed on the information.

Question: Discuss different methods of collecting data. Which one is the most suitable for conducting survey on prospects of biopharmaceuticals in Bangladesh? Justify your choice with possible merits and demerits over other methods. Or, Mention any four methods of data collection for a qualitative research. Different methods of collecting data Overview Of Different Data Collection Techniques Technique Key Facts Example Interviews can be conducted in person or over the telephone Interviews can be done formally structured , semistructured, or One-on-one conversation with Interviews informally Questions should be focused, parent of at-risk youth who can clear, and encourage openended help you understand the issue.

To understand the primary reasons students miss school, Documents and This can be an inexpensive way to gather records on student absences are Records information but may be an incomplete collected and analyzed data source Questionnaires and Surveys method is the most suitable for conducting survey on prospects of biopharmaceuticals in Bangladesh.

Merits: Considerably low cost: Economy is one of the most obvious benefits of mailed questionnaire. The mail questionnaire does not require a trained staff of interviewers and supervisors; all it requires is the cost of planning. Processing and analysis costs are usually simpler and cheaper than for other survey method.

Ease in locating respondents: Except in extreme cases, locating respondents in mailed questionnaire survey is sometimes easier, especially if survey is conducted with specialized and homogeneous samples.

Saving of time: Mailed questionnaire can be sent to all respondents simultaneously and most of the replies will be received within a week or longer. It is however, also true that final returns may take several weeks or longer.

Respondent's convenience: The respondent may devote more total time on it than he or she is able to do so in an interview study. This convenience may help him or her to answer more correctly.

In addition, this also gives him or her more time to deal with difficult questions. Greater anonymity: The absence of an interviewer provides the respondent greater anonymity. This makes him or her more willing to provide socially undesirable answers or answers that violate norms. Less chance of biasing error: There is no opportunity for the respondent to be biased by the presence of an interviewer. In a face to face interview, the respondent may mistrust the interviewer or dodge certain questions or give misleading answers.

A mail questionnaire is in general free from this error. Standardized wording: Comparison of respondents' answer is facilitated of education by the fact that each respondent is exposed to exactly the same wording. However, this advantage may be waived out if the respondents vary with respect to their level of understanding due to the differences in their level of education. Ease in securing information: The mail questionnaire allows the respondent to consult his records, personal document, consult with colleagues or other people for genuine information that he wants to provide with.

Greater accessibility: Finally, respondents who are widely dispersed compared to expensive travel costs for interviewers. Qualitative Data Collection Techniques The data collection techniques most appropriate for studies, whose objectives call for descriptive qualitative analysis, tend to be different from those most appropriate for quantitative mathods which are important to obtain data for making predictions, probabilities and generalizations.

Most operations research studies use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods in order to obtain the most accurate and realistic picture of a program situation.

What do you mean by research? Research is a scientific approach of answering a research question, solving a research problem or generating a new knowledge through a systematic and orderly collection, organization and analysis of data with an ultimate goal of making the findings of research useful in decision making. Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

Executive and Extended Education Support In partnership with the Executive and Extended Education community, identify and implement common administrative and delivery systems to facilitate knowledge sharing and to leverage shared investment. In-Classroom Technology Determine what, if any, technology standards and solutions should be consistent across the University and implement those standards and solutions so that teaching staff has greater consistency and better ease of use.

Operational Technology In partnership with facilities community, clarify policies and support model for operational technology across the University to mitigate risk.